How freight class works and why density matters
Freight class is a standard way of grouping commodities for LTL pricing. There are eighteen classes running from 50 to 500. Lower classes are dense, sturdy and easy to handle, and cost less to ship. Higher classes are light, bulky or fragile, and cost more.
Density is the main input. Calculate it by dividing the shipment weight in pounds by its volume in cubic feet, including the pallet. A pallet of bricks may exceed 50 pounds per cubic foot and ship at class 50, while a pallet of assembled lampshades may be under 2 pounds per cubic foot and ship at class 400.
Carriers inspect and reweigh freight at terminals. If the stated class does not match what arrives, the invoice is adjusted and an inspection fee is added. Photographs of the packed pallet with a tape measure in frame are useful evidence in a dispute.